Escala de Percepção de Risco sobre Covid-19/Isolamento Social: Propriedades Psicométricas / Escala de Percepción de Riesgo sobre Covid-19 y Aislamiento Social: Propiedades Psicométricas / Psychometric Properties of Risk Perception Scale about Covid-19 and Social Isolation (RPSCI)

Risk perception is a concept related to the decision-making process and allows people to perceive the hazards surrounding the context and choose the best preventive methods to avoid them. The COVID-19 pandemic was a remarkable era in which people had to adopt protective methods, such as social isolation, to reduce the possibility of being contaminated by the virus. This study covers the development, psychometric properties, and norms of a scale to assess Risk Perception regarding COVID-19 and Social Isolation. The analysis suggested good expert agreement regarding the adequacy of the scale content and items and factor analysis suggested two factors, called the emotional and cognitive domains. The composite reliability suggested the internal consistency of the scale and its factors. All the results of this study suggest that this scale presents evidence of construct validity, constituting a reliable instrument. This new instrument may be used to evaluate risk perception related to COVID-19 and Social Isolation.

La percepción del riesgo es un concepto relacionado con el proceso de toma de decisiones y permite a las personas percibir los peligros en el contexto y elegir los mejores métodos de prevención para evitarlos. La pandemia de COVID-19 es una era notable en la que las personas deben adoptar métodos, como el aislamiento social, para reducir la posibilidad de ser contaminados por el virus. Este estudio proporciona el desarrollo, las propiedades psicométricas y las normas de una escala para evaluar Percepción de Riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el Aislamiento Social. El análisis sugirió un buen acuerdo de expertos sobre el ajuste del contenido y la escala de ítems y el análisis factorial apuntó dos factores denominados dominios emocional y cognitivo. La confiabilidad compuesta sugirió consistencia interna de la escala y sus factores. Todos los resultados de este estudio proponen que esta escala presenta evidencia de validez de constructo y es un instrumento confiable. Este nuevo instrumento podrá ser utilizado para evaluar la percepción de riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el aislamiento social.

A percepção de risco é um conceito relacionado ao processo de tomada de decisão e permite que as pessoas percebam os perigos em torno do contexto e escolham os melhores métodos de prevenção para evitá-los. A pandemia do COVID-19 é uma era marcante em que as pessoas devem adotar métodos de proteção, como o isolamento social, para reduzir a possibilidade de serem contaminados pelo vírus. Este estudo fornece o desenvolvimento, as propriedades psicométricas e normas de uma escala para avaliar Percepção de Risco sobre COVID-19 e Isolamento Social. A análise sugeriu boa concordância dos especialistas sobre o ajuste de conteúdo e itens da escala, e a análise fatorial sugeriu dois fatores denominados domínios emocionais e cognitivos. A confiabilidade composta sugeriu a consistência interna da escala e seus fatores. Todos os resultados deste estudo sugerem que esta escala apresenta evidências de validade de construto, sendo um instrumento confiável. Este novo instrumento poderá ser utilizado para avaliar a percepção de risco sobre a COVID-19 e o Isolamento Social.

Análisis de confiabilidad y de constructo del instrumento FANTASTIC MEX-A para medir el estilo de vida de adultos mexicanos. Estudio piloto bicéntrico en un cuartel general y una universidad privada / Reliability and construction analysis of the FANTASTIC MEX-A instrument to measure the lifestyle of mexican adults. Bicentric pilot study in a headquarters and a private university

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de confiabilidad y de constructo del instrumento FANTASTIC MEX-A a través de alfa de Cronbach (α) y análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) en dos instituciones mexicanas localizadas en el estado de Guerrero: un cuartel general y una universidad privada, como un estudio piloto para determinar la factibilidad de realizarse a gran escala en adultos mexicanos. Diseño: Cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental, descriptivo. Muestreo aleatorio simple. Recolección de datos desde febrero del 2021 a noviembre del 2022. Variables: Nivel de estilo de vida (dependiente); ocupación, género, escolaridad, estado civil, tipo de familia, edad e índice de masa corporal (atributivas). Resultados: N=493, n=242, participación del 49% (NC=95%, IC=4.5%), la muestra se constituyó por 204 militares y 38 docentes-administrativos universitarios. Alfa de Cronbach=0.869 (buena), por el método de dos mitades se obtuvo para ítems nones α=0.76 y para ítems pares α=0.762, correlación rho entre mitades de 0.903 (correlación fuerte). Media de puntaje obtenido de 134.8±17.7 puntos, equivalente al 72.5%. Resultaron nueve factores con asociación teórica, que explican el 42.64% de la varianza acumulada en el AFE, 1: La protección de la salud mental e integridad física, 2: El distrés, 3: Las relaciones interpersonales afectivas, 4: El consumo de alcohol y sustancias de abuso, 5: La actividad física y la asociatividad, 6: El consumo de tabaco, 7: El sueño y la alimentación, 8: El control de salud y 9: La apariencia física. Conclusiones: A través del estadístico de Alfa de Cronbach por método de dos mitades se concluyó que el instrumento FANTASTIC MEX-A es consistente para la muestra estudiada. El AFE determinó validez de constructo para nueve factores con asociación teórica. Limitaciones: El estudio se realizó en el estado de Guerrero, México, la validación del instrumento en adultos mexicanos requiere una muestra representativa que considere sujetos de diversas regiones del país. Originalidad: No existen publicaciones que homologuen las versiones disponibles del instrumento en español. Se aporta una versión única que implicó la revisión y reconstrucción de cada ítem con ilustraciones de apoyo.

Abstract Objective: To carry out a reliability and construct analysis of the FANTASTIC MEX-A instrument through Cronbach's alpha (α) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in two Mexican institutions located in the state of Guerrero: a general headquarters and a private university, such as a pilot study to determine the feasibility of performing it on a large scale in Mexican adults. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental, descriptive. Simple random sampling. Data collection from February 2021 to November 2022. Variables: Lifestyle level (dependent); occupation, gender, education, marital status, type of family, age and body mass index (attributive). Results: N=493, n=242, 49% participation (NC=95%, CI=4.5%), the sample consisted of 204 military personnel and 38 university teachers/administrators. Cronbach's alpha=0.869 (good), using the two-half method, α=0.76 was obtained for odd items and α=0.762 for even items, rho correlation between halves of 0.903 (strong correlation). Mean score obtained of 134.8 ± 17.7 points, equivalent to 72.5%. Nine factors with theoretical association were found, that explain 42.64% of the accumulated variance in the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 1: The protection of mental health and physical integrity, 2: Distress, 3: Affective interpersonal relationships, 4: The consumption of alcohol and substances of abuse, 5: Physical activity and associativity, 6: Tobacco consumption, 7: Sleep and diet, 8: Health control and 9: Physical appearance. Conclusions: Through the Cronbach's Alpha statistic by the two-half method, it was concluded that the FANTASTIC MEX-A instrument is consistent for the sample studied. The AFE determined construct validity for nine factors with theoretical association. Limitations: The study was conducted in the state of Guerrero, México, the validation of the instrument in Mexican adults requires a representative sample that considers subjects from various regions of the country. Originality: There are no publications that standardize the available versions of the instrument in Spanish. A unique version is provided that involved the revision and reconstruction of each item with supporting illustrations.

Construcción de una escala para evaluar tipos de elogios otorgados por cuidadores primarios a infantes de 0 a 3 años / Construction of a scale to assess the types of praise given by primary caregivers to infants 0-3 years

Resumen Los elogios son definidos como devoluciones positivas otorgadas a personas sobre sus atributos, sobre la realización de una tarea o sobre los objetos o productos realizados. Los distintos tipos de elogios que los cuidadores primarios o padres utilicen con los infantes cuando ellos realicen una actividad impactarán en su desarrollo, en las creencias o percepción de sí mismos o de los modos de aprender, y en la motivación hacia esas tareas que la niña o el niño realice. Estos modos de elogiar no han sido estudiados en la Argentina y no existen instrumentos estandarizados psicométricos para evaluarlos. Por esto, el objetivo de este estudio fue la creación y validación de una técnica de auto-reporte para evaluar los elogios que otorgan los cuidadores a infantes de 0 a 3 años. Los participantes que conformaron la muestra (. = 128) fueron reclutados por medio de internet y completaron un cuestionario de escala Likert de aproximadamente cinco minutos de duración. A partir del análisis factorial exploratorio, se ajustó la técnica y se agruparon las preguntas del cuestionario en tres dimensiones: elogios de persona, proceso y producto. Esto permitiría hacer una evaluación breve y sencilla de los elogios utilizados, lo que en un futuro aportaría a intervenciones o estudios que pretendan favorecer elogios que beneficien un desarrollo adaptativo de los infantes. Sin embargo, aún es necesario un futuro estudio que indague cambios en la técnica con un mayor tamaño muestral para la realización de una validación más exhaustiva.

Abstract Praise is defined as positive feedback given to people about their attributes, their performance, the objects or products made by them. The different types of praise that primary caregivers or parents use with infants when they carry out an activity will impact on their development, beliefs or perception of themselves or types of learning, and motivation toward the tasks that the children perform. One type of praise is the praise directed towards an individual, which compliments their own attributes such as her intelligence. Another one is the product praise, which is directed towards the final objects or actions that the infant performs, such as a drawing or physical activities. Finally, a praise directed at the process aims to congratulate the infant during the task as a process, either for making an effort or for the strategies that they use to achieve something. This last kind of praise favors perseverance in the face of new tasks to a greater extent, while praise directed at the person could generate more frustration when the infant experiences failure. Therefore, the way caregivers interact with infants is relevant, since it modulates motivation and the development of different skills. For this reason, the main objective of this study was the creation and validation of a self-report technique to assess the praise that Argentinean caregivers give to infants from 0 to 3 years of age. The sample was made up of 128 primary caregivers (. = 128) who were recruited through the internet. They completed a Likert scale questionnaire of approximately 5 minutes of duration. The data was collected during preventive social isolation due to COVID-19. This could lead to changes in parental behavior, while it also provides ecological value for understanding the ways to praise in this context, where caregivers spend a lot of time with infants; however, it would be important to conduct future research outside of this context. An exploratory factor analysis was performed, which led to an adjustment in the technique by eliminating four items in order to improve the psychometric characteristics of the instrument. By this analysis, the formation of the three dimensions was justified by the types of praise: person, process, and product praise.The final instrument consisted of 13 phrases that represent possible compliments used by caregivers. Participants indicated how often they usually use those compliments on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). The items are divided by types of praise: six were assigned to the product dimension, three to the process dimension and four to the person dimension. The internal consistencies of the dimensions were process (α = .91), product (α = .74) and person (α = .73). This self-report technique for primary caregivers of infants would allow a short and simple evaluation of the praise used. In future research, this technique would allow an assessment of praise for the realization of studies that seek to expand the knowledge about how they affect child development. Likewise, it would contribute to the development of interventions with caregivers aimed to promote praise that benefits an adaptive development of infants. However, more studies are needed to investigate possible changes in the inventory, such as the inclusion of neutral praise or negative feedback. Furthermore, a larger sample size would be necessary to carry out a more exhaustive validation, performing a confirmatory factor analysis, convergent variance and factor invariance.

Atribuciones sobre las causas de la pobreza general e infantil en Argentina / Attributions on the causes of general and child poverty in Argentina

Resumen El estudio acerca de las causas de la pobreza ha sido influenciado por la teoría de la atribución, lo que permitió identificar los juicios predominantes que las personas establecen sobre tales causas. Los estudios locales sobre las atribuciones causales de la pobreza son escasos y no se ha identificado ninguno referido a las causas de la pobreza infantil, a pesar de las altas tasas de su incidencia en el país. Así, el presente estudio propone evaluar las atribuciones causales de la pobreza general e infantil por parte de adultos de Argentina, empleando dos cuestionarios (uno sobre las causas de la pobreza en general y el otro sobre la pobreza infantil en particular) implementados de manera virtual. La muestra incluyó a 1 659 participantes (17 a 90 años), quienes debieron indicar la importancia de cada ítem como causa de la pobreza en una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos. En cuanto al cuestionario sobre las causas de la pobreza general, el análisis exploratorio permitió identificar una estructura de tres factores -similar a la identificada en otros estudios: individualista, estructurales y fatalistas-, la cual no fue verificada en el análisis confirmatorio. Con respecto al cuestionario sobre las causas de la pobreza infantil, se identificó y se confirmó un modelo de dos factores (que podrían estar relacionados con atribuciones estructurales y familiares) que representa una nueva evidencia en el campo. Los resultados sugieren diferencias en las atribuciones de las causas de pobreza general e infantil, cuyos posibles mecanismos (e. g., modulación por parte de factores individuales, contextuales y culturales) deberían explorarse en estudios futuros.

Abstract In the last decades, different studies have addressed the perspectives of people regarding the causes of poverty, as they could play a fundamental role in the development of individual and social attitudes, beliefs and expectations towards people living in such a condition, and in the strategies implemented to solve related problems and issues. In addition, many of those studies have investigated the causes of poverty using the theoretical model proposed by Feagin (1972), which suggests three broad explanations: (1) individualistic (i. e., causal attribution is placed on the poor themselves); (2) structural (i. e., poverty is due to external social and economic factors); and (3) fatalistic (i. e., poverty is attributed to factors such as bad luck). Most of those studies have been carried out considering the causes of poverty in general, which means that there is very little research aimed at studying specifically the causes of child poverty. Given the high incidence of poverty in Argentina the knowledge about such perspectives is of interest for multiple basic and applied purposes. In this sense, the present study proposed to evaluate the attributions of the causes of poverty in general and child poverty in particular, by adults from Argentina, through two virtual questionnaires (one asking for the causes of poverty in general, and the other for the causes of child poverty). The sample included responses from 1 659 citizens of Argentina from 17 to 90 years old (M = 45.72, SD = 16.94). The questionnaires included 32 items aimed at evaluating the attribution of causes of general poverty, and 30 items related to child poverty. Participants were asked to indicate the importance of each item as a cause of poverty on a five-point Likert-type scale (1 = does not matter; 5 = extremely important). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were implemented (separately from the general and child questionnaires) and retained items with factor loadings at .40 or above. In addition, for the general questionnaire, a second approach was implemented to analyze if the factorial structure supported by different studies in the literature was confirmed in this sample. For such a purpose, confirmatory factor analyses were implemented. Regarding the questionnaire for the causes of general poverty, the exploratory analysis allowed identifying a three-factor structure (as in the case of other studies) (RMSEA = .071; CFI = .94; TLI = .93), which was not verified in the confirmatory analysis (RMSEA = .103; CFI = .88; TLI = .86). On the other hand, the results of the second approach suggest the confirmation of the two-factor model proposed in the literature (RMSEA = .083; CFI = .96; TLI = .95). This pattern of results suggests sensitivity to the inclusion of new items. In this sense, in future studies it would be important to invest efforts in determining new items from consultations with experts and other social actors. Regarding the questionnaire for the causes of poverty in children, two-factor model was identified and confirmed (RMSEA = .074; CFI = .94; TLI = .93), which is a new piece of evidence in the field, suggesting variability in the attribution of causes of poverty according to the considered age group, and whose potential mechanisms in comparison with the studies on adult poverty should be explored in future research (e. g., individual, contextual and cultural factors). Finally, this study confirms that having valid and reliable instruments to explore the causal attributions of general and child poverty would be important to advance in the understanding of poverty as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon.

Validation of the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale in Chilean Workers / Validación de la versión en español del Inventario de creadores de tecnoestrés en trabajadores chilenos

The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale (TCS). The scale was adminis-tered to 1.047 Chilean professionals. The internal structure of the scale was tested by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The av-erage variance extracted (AVE) and the Fornell–Larcker criterion were used to examine convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. To in-vestigate concurrent validity, we focused on the relation between the TCS scale and role stress, which is a distinct, albeit conceptually related con-struct. Our findings supported a five-factor model consisting of 23 items distributed in five factors: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty. The Spanish version of the TCS had a high level of internal consistency, which was similar to the original scale. Appropriate evidence of concurrent validity was also shown. In addition, we conducted an international comparison of the re-search results with other relevant adaptations of the instrument reported in different cultural contexts. The results confirmed that the Spanish transla-tion of the TCS is a suitable instrument for measuring technostress and can contribute to an empirical examination of this phenomenon in Span-ish-speaking countries.(AU)

El propósito de esta investigación fue adaptar y validar al espa-ñol el Inventario de Creadores de Tecnoestrés (ICT). La escala fue admi-nistrada a 1.047 trabajadores chilenos. Para analizar la estructura interna de la escala, se aplicaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. La varianza media extraída (AVE) y el criterio de Fornell-Larcker fueron utili-zados para examinar la validez convergente y discriminante, respectivamen-te. Para valorar la validez concurrente, se ha analizado la relación entre la escala ICT y el estrés del rol, que es un constructo distinto, aunque concep-tualmente relacionado. Nuestros resultados respaldaron un modelo que consta de 23 elementos distribuidos en cinco factores: tecno-sobrecarga, tecno-invasión, tecno-complejidad, tecno-inseguridad y tecno-incertidumbre. La versión en español del instrumento ofrece un alto nivel de consistencia interna, que es similar a la escala original. También se obtu-vieron evidencias de validez concurrente. Además, se ha realizado una comparación internacional de los resultados de la investigación con otras adaptaciones relevantes del instrumento reportadas en diferentes contextos culturales. Losresultados confirmaron que la traducción al español del ICT es un instrumento adecuado para medir el tecnoestrés y puede contribuir a un examen empírico de este fenómeno en los países de habla hispana.(AU)

Evidências de validade do Inventário de Compensação de Young (YCI) para a população do Rio Grande do Sul / Validity evidence of the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) for the population of Rio Grande do Sul / Evidencias de validez del Inventario de Compensación Young (YCI) para la población de Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a estrutura fatorial e as evidências de validade do Inventário de Compensação de Young (YCI) para a população do Rio Grande do Sul. Contou-se com a participação de 504 adultos da população geral, com média de idade de 34,2 anos (DP = 12,9). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - Versão Breve (YSQ-S3), a Escala de Avaliação dos Sintomas (SCL-90-R) e o YCI. Os dados foram coletados através de plataforma online. Realizou-se a análise fatorial exploratória, para verificar a distribuição dos itens em fatores comuns, e a validade convergente, com correlação não paramétrica de Spearman com a SCL-90-R e o YSQ-S3. Foram interpretados quatro fatores: Dominação e Manipulação (α =0,85 ω=0,71); Obsessão e Organização (α =0,75 ω=0,75); Rebeldia e Independência (α =0,73 ω=0,69); e Busca de Reconhecimento (α =0,81 ω=0,91). A validade de construto mostrou-se adequada conforme a teoria. Concluiu-se que a versão adaptada apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas. (AU)

This study aimed to examine the factorial structure and evidence of validity of the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) for the population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, 504 adults from the general population participated, with a mean age of 34.2 years (SD = 12.9). The instruments used were the Young Schema Questionnaire - Brief Version (YSQ-S3), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), and the YCI. Data were collected using an online platform. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the distribution of items in common factors, and convergent validity, with a non-parametric Spearman correlation with SCL-90-R and YSQ-S3. Four factors were interpreted: Domination and Manipulation (α = 0.85 ω = 0.71); Obsession and Organization (α = 0.75 ω = 0.75); Rebellion and Independence (α = 0.73 ω = 0.69); and Search for Recognition (α = 0.81 ω = 0.91). The result of construct validity proved to be adequate according to the theory. It was concluded that the adapted version has good psychometric properties. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la estructura factorial y las evidencias de validez del Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) para la población de Rio Grande do Sul. Participaron 504 adultos de la población general, con una edad media de 34,2 años (DS = 12,9). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Young Scheme Questionnaire - Versión breve (YSQ-S3), la Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas (SCL-90-R) y el YCI. Los datos se recogieron a través de una plataforma online. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para verificar la distribución de los ítems en factores comunes, y la validez convergente, con la correlación no paramétrica de Spearman con SCL-90-R y YSQ-S3. Se interpretaron cuatro factores: Dominación y Manipulación (α =0,85 ω=0,71); Obsesión y Organización (α =0,75 ω=0,75); Rebeldía e Independencia (α =0,73 ω=0,69); y Búsqueda de Reconocimiento (α =0,81 ω=0,91). La validez de constructo demostró ser adecuada según la teoría. Se concluyó que la versión adaptada presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas. (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire in a Sample of Spanish Pregnant Women / Las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Expectativas sobre el Parto en una muestra de mujeres españolas gestantes

Childbirth expectations during pregnancy are important factors related to birth satisfaction. The aim of this study is to validate the Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire (CEQ) in a sample of Spanish pregnant women; 231 women responded to the CEQ during their first trimester of pregnancy and 106 of them completed a re-test at the third trimester. Exploratory analyses with 1-to-6 factor solutions were carried out to investigate the internal structure of the CEQ. The three-factor solution (spousal support and control, medical support and environment, and labor pain and distress) showed the best properties in terms of model fit, number of items per factor, and item loadings. The internal consistency of scales was also good (.79 ≥ α ≤ .93). Test-retest analyses showed significant intercorrelations between expectations from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. There is a need to assess childbirth expectations, and our results suggest that the CEQ is a valid and useful instrument to be used among Spanish pregnant women.

Las expectativas sobre el parto (evaluadas durante el embarazo) constituyen factores relevantes relacionados con la satisfacción del parto. El objetivo de este estudio es validar el Cuestionario de Expectativas sobre el Parto (CEQ según las siglas del nombre inglés) en una muestra de gestantes españolas. Un total de 231 mujeres cumplimentaron el CEQ durante el primer trimestre del embarazo y 106 de ellas cumplimentaron de nuevo el instrumento en el tercer trimestre. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios con soluciones factoriales de 1 a 6 factores para analizar la estructura interna del CEQ. La solución de tres factores (apoyo de la pareja y control, apoyo médico y ambiente y dolor durante el parto y malestar) mostró las mejores propiedades en cuanto a ajuste del modelo, número de ítems por factor y peso de los ítems. La consistencia interna de las escalas también fue buena (.79 ≥ α ≤ .93). Los análisis test-retest mostraron intercorrelaciones significativas entre las expectativas del primer y tercer trimestre del embarazo. Atendiendo a la necesidad de evaluar las expectativas sobre el parto, nuestros resultados sugieren que el CEQ es un instrumento válido y útil para ser utilizado en las gestantes españolas.

Validez y confiabilidad del Inventario de orientación suicida ­ ISO-30 en una población colombiana / Validación de la escala de orientación al suicidio ISO-30 / Validity and reliability of the Inventory of suicide orientation ­ ISO-30 in a colombian population

El presente estudio instrumental evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Orientación Suicida ­ ISO-30 con 1922 adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Bogotá. La validez de constructo del inventario se estableció a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, utilizándose el método de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (GLS), dando lugar un modelo factorial sustentable, compuesto por cinco factores, igual al inventario original. La confiabilidad del instrumento se estableció, a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, obteniéndose una confiabilidad excelente (α= .0915) y un coeficiente Omega (Ω=.742). El análisis de reactivos relativo al poder de discriminación del inventario obtuvo un 57% en las correlaciones ítem-escala total con un nivel de discriminación excelente. Se presenta evidencia respecto a la validez y confiabilidad del ISO-30 para evaluar la orientación al suicidio en adolescentes colombianos

The present instrumental study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Suicide Orientation - ISO-30 with 1922 school adolescents from Bogotá. The construct validity of the inventory was established through confirmatory factor analysis, using the generalized least squares (GLS) technique, through which a sustainable factorial model was obtained, composed of five factors equal to the original inventory. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient with an excellent result (α= .915) and an omega coefficient (Ω=.742). The analysis of the items, relative to the discrimination power of the items, obtained 57% in item-total scale correlations with an excellent level of discrimination power. These findings prove ISO-30 to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating suicide orientation among Colombian adolescents.

Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A) en población Mexicana / Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adults (BIEPS-A) in a Mexican Sample

Resumen Introducción: El bienestar psicológico favorece el funcionamiento de la vida personal y social. Para su evaluación, es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables que permitan decidir y valorar las acciones necesarias para promoverlo. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A) en una muestra mexicana. Método: Se aplicó la escala BIEPS-A y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) a 188 estudiantes universitarios y 94 participantes de población general. Resultados: Un análisis paralelo detectó un factor único en la escala BIEPS-A, estructurado mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (componentes principales, rotación oblicua) que retuvo 9 reactivos y explicó el 54% de la varianza. La consistencia interna fue de aceptable (α de Cronbach = .78) a elevada (alfa ordinal = .90). El análisis de curva ROC identificó un punto de corte equivalente a la mediana (ABC = .72, p < .01) y otro al percentil 75 (ABC = .80, p < .01), y ser mujer, tener entre 18 y 25 años y bajo o leve nivel de autoestima como predictores de bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico. La escala BIEPS-A mostró validez concurrente (r = .57) y predictiva con la EAR (β = .63). Discusión y conclusiones: La escala BIEPS-A es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar el bienestar psicológico en población mexicana; sin embargo, las diferencias respecto a su estructura original indican la necesidad de una escala de bienestar psicológico diseñada específicamente para población mexicana.

Abstract Introduction: Psychological well-being favors the functioning of personal and social life. Valid and reliable instruments are necessary for its evaluation that allow deciding and assessing the actions necessary to promote it. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Psychological Well-being for Adults (BIEPS-A) in a Mexican sample. Methods: The BIEPS-A scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to 188 university students and 94 participants from the general population. Results: A parallel analysis detected a single factor in the BIEPS-A scale, structured by exploratory factor analysis (main components, oblique rotation) that retained 9 items and explained 54% of the variance. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable (Cronbach's α = .78) to high (ordinal alpha = .90). ROC curve analysis identified a cut-off point equivalent to the median (AUC = .72, p <.01) and another to the 75th percentile (AUC = .80, p <.01). The latter identified as a woman, between 18 and 25 years old with a low or slight level of self-esteem as predictors of a low level of psychological well-being. The BIEPS-A scale showed concurrent (r = .57) and predictive (β = .63) validity with the EAR. Discussion and conclusions: The BIEPS-A scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess psychological well-being in the Mexican population. However, the differences with respect to its original structure indicate the need for a psychological well-being scale designed specifically for the Mexican population.

Adaptação e propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Escala de Frustração e Desconforto / Adaptación y propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de la Escala de frustración y malestar / Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Frustration Discomfort Scale

A Escala de Frustração e Desconforto (efd) avalia as crenças de intolerância à frustração. Este trabalho objeti-vou: adaptar esse instrumento para o contexto brasileiro; buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo, de estrutura interna e com base na relação com variáveis externas e, por fim, verificar a relação entre os níveis de intolerância à frustração com gênero e idade dos participantes. A amostra foi composta por 293 indivíduos, com idade média de 21.6 anos (dp= 3.57). Foram aplicados a efd, o Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (phq-4) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória indicaram a pertinência de so-lução fatorial composta por duas dimensões. Quanto a consistência interna, foram verificados bons índices para ambos os fatores e para a escala. Observou-se associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a efd e o phq-4, atestando a validade baseada na relação com variáveis externas. Não foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos níveis de intolerância à frustração em razão do gênero e idade. Baseado nes-ses achados, conclui-se que a versão adaptada da efdapresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias, sendo adequada para investigação da intolerância à frustração, possibilitando que pesquisadores e profis-sionais investiguem como esse construto se manifesta na população brasileira e como ele se relaciona com variáveis associadas à saúde mental

La Escala de Frustración y Malestar (efm) evalúa las creencias de intolerancia a la frustración. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo adaptar este instrumento al contexto brasileño; buscar evidencias de validez de contenido, de estructura interna, y en función de la relación con variables externas y, finalmente, verificar la relación entre los niveles de intolerancia a la frustración con el género y la edad de los participantes. La muestra estuvo formada por 293 individuos, con una edad promedio de 21.6 años (de = 3.57). Se aplicó el efm, el Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (phq-4) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio indicaron la relevancia de una solución factorial compuesta por dos dimensiones. En cuanto a la consistencia interna, se encontraron buenos índices para ambos factores y para la escala. Hubo asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre el efmy el phq-4, lo que da fe de la validez en función de la relación con variables externas. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de intolerancia a la frustración por género y edad. Con base en estos hallazgos, se concluye que la versión adaptada del efm tuvo propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias, apta para la investigación de la intolerancia a la frustración, permitiendo a investigadores y profesionales investigar cómo este constructo se manifiesta en la población brasileña y cómo se relaciona con las variables asociadas con la salud mental

The Frustration Discomfort Scale (fds) assesses beliefs about frustration intolerance. This study aimed at adap-ting this instrument to the Brazilian context, providing evidence for content validity of internal structure, and based on the relationship with external variables. In addition, we verified the relationship of the level of frustration intolerance with the gender and age of the participants. The sample consisted of 293 individuals, with an average age of 21.6 years(SD = 3.57). The fds, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (phq-4), and a so-ciodemographic questionnaire were applied. The explo-ratory factor analysis results indicated the best solution to be a structure with two dimensions. Good indexes of internal confidence were found for both factors and the whole scale. A positive and statistically significant association was observed between the fds and phG-4, which attests to the validity based on its relationship to external variables. No statistically significant differen-ces of frustration tolerance were identified for gender or age. Based on these findings, we conclude that the adapted version of the fds has satisfactory psychometric properties and is suitable for investigating intolerance to frustration, enabling researchers and professionals to investigate how this construct is manifested in the Brazilian population and how it relates to variables as-sociated with mental health

Estructura factorial de la Brief Self-Control Scale en español / Factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale in Spanish

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la estructura factorial de la Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister y Boone, 2004) aplicada como autorreporte a una muestra de 151 participantes en Colombia (edad promedio de 8.2 años, 50.33 % niñas y 49.66 % niños) y 115 participantes en Chile (edad promedio de 7.3 años, 53.04 % niñas y 49.95 % niños). La escala también fue respondida a modo de heterorreporte por 80 madres de los participantes colombianos y las 115 madres de los participantes chilenos. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) arrojó soluciones bifactoriales en todas las muestras y reportó valores de consistencia interna aceptables, aunque la composición de los factores difirió notablemente entre países y entre madres e hijos(as). Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de las diferencias culturales, en la socialización del autocontrol y el desarrollo de la capacidad de autorregulación en los primeros años de la escuela primaria. Se concluye que la medición del autoncontrol en este grupo etáreo mediante la BSCS requiere ajustes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister and Boone, 2004) used as self-report with a sample of 151 participants in Colombia (mean age 8.2 years, 50.33 % girls and 49.66 % boys) and 115 participants in Chile (mean age 7.3 years, 53.04 % girls and 49.95 % boys). The scale was also answered as a hetero-report by 80 mothers of the Colombian participants and the 115 mothers of the Chilean participants. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed bifactor solutions in all samples and reported acceptable internal consistency values, although the composition of the factors differed markedly between countries and between mothers and children. The findings are discussed in terms of cultural differences, in the socialization self-control and development of self-regulation skills in the early elementary school years. According to these findings, the measurement of self-control in this age group using the BSCS requires adjustments.

Use of structural equation models to evaluate the relationship between eating patterns and obesity for elderly people.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: in the Brazilian population it is noted that obesity is increasing in all ages, particularly in the elderly, due to changes in habits and the consumption of foods with high energy density. The objective of this study was to reanalyze the data from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in order to obtain new food patterns from the elderly population. Methods: sociodemographic data, morbidities, and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) results were collected from a representative sample of 355 elderly in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, and stratified by Basic Health Unit in the municipality. The data from the FFQ were transformed into daily consumption, and only foods with an intake of at least 40 % were included in the analysis. Eating patterns were obtained by means of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using the principal component method, associating them with obesity and demographic variables obtained via structural equation models (SEMs). Results: with the data from the FFQ, four eating patterns were obtained using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: healthy, traditional, snacks and weekend meals, and mild diet. Using SEMs and considering general obesity as measured by the body mass index (BMI), being female, younger, hypertensive, diabetic, and having lower adherence to the traditional pattern increases BMI. Additionally, using SEMs and considering central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), being hypertensive or diabetic, and having a lower adherence to the traditional pattern increases WC. Conclusion: removing excess zeroes from FFQ data it was possible to obtain well-defined eating patterns using the exploratory and confirmatory analysis, and to associate them with obesity through SEMs.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en la población brasileña se observa que la obesidad ha aumentado en todas las edades, incluidas las personas mayores, debido a los cambios en los hábitos y el consumo de alimentos con alta densidad energética. El objetivo de este estudio fue volver a analizar los datos de un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) con el fin de obtener los nuevos patrones dietéticos de la población de edad avanzada. Métodos: se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y de morbilidad, y los resultados de un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) de una muestra representativa de 355 personas mayores de la ciudad de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, y se estratificaron por Unidad Básica de Salud del municipio. Los datos del FFQ se transformaron en consumo diario y solo se incluyeron en el análisis alimentos con al menos un 40 % de consumo. Los patrones dietéticos se obtuvieron mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatório con el método del componente principal, asociándolos con la obesidad y las variables demográficas mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Resultados: con los datos del FFQ se obtuvieron cuatro patrones dietéticos mediante el análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio: saludable, tradicional, tapas y comidas de fin de semana, y dieta ligera. Con los SEM y considerando la obesidad general medida por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), ser mujer, más joven, hipertensa, diabética y con menos adherencia al patrón tradicional aumenta el IMC. Además, con los SEM y considerando la obesidad central medida por la circunferencia de la cintura (WC), ser hipertenso, diabético y tener una menor adherencia al patrón tradicional aumenta los valores de WC. Conclusiones: el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio reveló los patrones dietéticos y los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales resultaron útiles para obtener las relaciones existentes entre los resultados de interés.

Escala de Perfil Criativo: construção de instrumento e estudos psicométricos / Creative Profile Scale: test construction and psychometrics studies / Escala de Perfil Creativo: construcción de instrumento y estudios psicométricos

A criatividade é um construto que envolve aspectos cognitivos, pessoais e sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir a Escala de Perfil Criativo (EPC) e verificar evidências de sua validade. As evidências baseadas no conteúdo foram realizadas por meio da análise de juízes, tendo o percentual de concordância utilizado de 80%, sendo eliminados três itens. As evidências de validade da EPC pela estrutura interna foram estudadas por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), que indicou a retenção de sete fatores. O instrumento foi aplicado em 442 sujeitos (F = 78,3%) entre 18 e 75 anos (M = 38,17; DP = 13,31). A análise de precisão pelo alfa de Cronbach indicou confiabilidade adequada para cada fator (α = 0,60 a 0,75). Concluiu-se que a EPC possui evidências de validade e pode auxiliar na avaliação da criatividade. (AU)

Creativity is a construct involving cognitive, personality and social aspects. The aim of this study was to construct the Escala de Perfil Criativo (EPC - Creative Profile Scale) and verify its validity. The validity based on its content was analyzed through blind judges, with an agreement rate of 80%, eliminating three items. Evidence of validity for the internal structure of the EPC was investigated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), which indicated seven factors. The scale was administered with 442 participants (78.3% females), with ages ranging from 18-75 years (M= 38.17; SD= 13.31). The reliability through the Cronbach's Alpha produced adequate values for each factor (α=.60 to .75). In conclusion, the validity evidence for the EPC suggests that it can be used to assess creativity. (AU)

La creatividad es un constructo que involucra aspectos cognitivos, personales y sociales. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir la Escala de Perfil Creativo (EPC) y verificar las evidencias de su validez. Las evidencias basadas en el contenido de la EPC se realizó mediante el análisis de jueces, cuyo el menor porcentaje de acuerdo fue de 80%, eliminando así tres ítems. Las evidencias de validez de la EPC por la estructura interna fueron estudiadas a través del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) en 442 sujetos (F = 78,3%) entre 18 y 75 años (M = 38,17, DS = 13,31). El análisis de precisión por el alfa de Cronbach indicó una confiabilidad adecuada para cada factor (α entre 0,60 y 0,75). Los resultados apuntaron que la EPC tiene evidencias de validez y podrá ayudar en la evaluación de la creatividad. (AU)

Psychometric properties of the Resilience Questionnaire for children and adolescents in Mexican high school students / Propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Resiliência para Crianças e Adolescentes em estudantes mexicanos do Ensino Médio / Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Resiliencia para Niños y Adolescentes en estudiantes mexicanos de bachillerato

Abstract Resilience implies a process of positive adjustment to adverse conditions. The growing interest in their study demands the need for valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessments with scientific rigor in different types of populations. The aim of the present research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. 512 students from a high school of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, participated. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-dimensional composition with 18 items than explain 61.18% of the variance, with an excellent level of reliability (a = .90). Through confirmatory factor analysis, the model was corroborated, presenting adequate levels of adjustment. Convergent validity was assessed using Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, obtaining significant positive correlations with the dimensions of resilience. The divergent validity was assessed through the Depression Scale of the Epidemiological Studies Center - Revised, showing significant negative correlations. Results and practical implications are discussed.

Resumo O estudo da resiliência, capacidade que implica um processo de adaptação positiva às condições de adversidade, passou por um crescente interesse nos últimos anos que demanda a necessidade de contar com instrumentos de medição válidos e confiáveis que permitam realizar avaliações com rigor científico em diferentes tipos de população. Por esse motivo, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Resiliência para Crianças e Adolescentes com uma amostra de 512 estudantes do Ensino Médio preparatório da Universidade de Guadalajara, no México. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória que resultou em uma composição de quatro dimensões com 18 itens que explicam 61,18% da variância, com um nível de confiabilidade alto (a = .90), e uma análise fatorial confirmatória com a qual se corroborou o modelo, com níveis adequados de ajuste. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a validade convergente do instrumento com a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, com a qual foram obtidas correlações positivas significativas com as dimensões da resiliência. E, por último, aplicou-se a validade divergente com a Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (Revisada), com a qual foram encontradas correlações negativas significativas. Por fim, discutem-se os resultados e as implicações práticas.

Resumen El estudio de la resiliencia, capacidad que implica un proceso de adaptación positiva a condiciones de adversidad, ha tenido un creciente interés en los últimos años que demanda la necesidad de contar con instrumentos de medición válidos y confiables que permitan hacer evaluaciones con rigor científico en diferentes tipos de poblaciones. Por esta razón, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Resiliencia para Niños y Adolescentes con una muestra de 512 estudiantes de una preparatoria de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Inicialmente, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que arrojó una composición de cuatro dimensiones con 18 ítems que explican 61.18% de la varianza, con un nivel de confiabilidad alto (a = .90); y un análisis factorial confirmatorio con el que se corroboró el modelo, con niveles adecuados de ajuste. Posteriormente, se evaluó la validez convergente del instrumento con la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, donde se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas significativas con las dimensiones de la resiliencia. Y, por último, se valoró la validez divergente con la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (Revisada), donde se encontraron correlaciones significativas negativas. Al final se discuten los resultados y las implicaciones prácticas.

Robust Promin: a method for diagonally weighted factor rotation / Robust Promin: un método para la rotación de factores de diagonal ponderada

Background: oblique rotation of factors is usually performed in exploratory factor analysis in order to achieve the best and simplest interpretation of the solution based on the prescribed number of factors. Currently available algorithms, however, do not take into account the fluctuation of the correlations on which the factor solution is based. If such correlations' stability is low, the rotated solution obtained in a specific sample may substantially differ from the rotated solutions obtained in different samples from the same population. Objetive: the present paper proposes a modified version of the Promin rotation designed to achieve simple and stable rotated solutions through the samples. Conclusions: the usefulness of Robust Promin is illustrated by using an empirical example based on a real dataset. The procedure proposed in this paper has been implemented in the FACTOR factor analysis program version 10.9.

Antecedentes: la rotación oblicua de los factores es una práctica habitual en el análisis factorial exploratorio. Habitualmente su finalidad es obtener la solución más interpretable y a la vez más simple con base en el número de factores prescrito. Los algoritmos actualmente disponibles, sin embargo, no tienen en cuenta la fluctuación de las correlaciones en las que se basa la solución factorial. Si la estabilidad de dichas correlaciones es baja, entonces la solución rotada obtenida en una muestra en particular puede diferir bastante de las que se obtendrían en diferentes muestras procedentes de la misma población. Objetivos: en este artículo se propone una versión modificada de la rotación Promin, cuyo objetivo es obtener soluciones que sean a la vez simples y estables a través de muestras. Conclusiones: el funcionamiento de Promin robusto se ilustra mediante un ejemplo empírico basado en datos reales. El procedimiento propuesto en el artículo ha sido implementado en la versión 10.9 del programa de análisis factorial FACTOR.

Psychometric properties of a brief Spanish version of Stigmatizing Situations Inventory / Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve en español del Inventario de Situaciones Estigmatizantes

Abstract Overweight and obese people are a frequent target of weight stigma. However, there are no Spanish-Language validated inventories measuring weight stigma situations. Therefore, we sought to validate a brief Spanish version of the Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI) in a sample of Chilean adults. A psychometric study with 377 adults was designed (Mage = 45.0, SD = 8.7; 62% female). Twenty-four items available from two previous versions of the SSI developed were back-translated from English to Spanish, and semantically adapted to the Chilean sample. We explored the factorial structure with 173 participants, and then confirmed it with 204 subjects. We obtained evidence of concurrent validity with other psychological measures, as well as evidence of reliability. Our results identified a single factor structure grouping 10-items, with factorial loadings greater than .60. The overall fit indices are excellent. There is evidence of concurrent validity with body mass index (r = .43), anger (r = .19), anxiety (r = .29), and daily life discrimination (r = .26); all with p < .05. The reliability of our version is high (α = .91). The brief Spanish version of the SSI is a 10-items reliable and valid scale with one-dimensional factorial structure. This scale can be used by researchers and healthcare professionals studying psychological consequences of obesity.

Resumen Las personas con sobrepeso u obesidad enfrentan frecuentemente situaciones de estigmatización por el peso; sin embargo, no existen instrumentos validados en español que midan este constructo. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas una versión breve del Inventario de Situaciones Estigmatizantes (ISE) en población chilena. Participaron 377 adultos (Medad = 45.0, DE = 8.7; 62% mujeres). Veinticuatro ítems disponibles en versiones previas del ISE fueron retrotraducidos del inglés al español y adaptados semánticamente. La estructura factorial fue explorada con los registros de 173 de los participantes, y posteriormente confirmada con los 204 restantes. Fue identificada una estructura uni-factorial, con cargas factoriales > .60 e indicadores de bondad de ajuste excelentes. La consistencia interna del inventario fue alta (α = .91). Además se obtuvo evidencia de la validez concurrente del ISE con otras medidas: índice de masa corporal (r = .43), ira (r = .19), ansiedad (r = .29) y discriminación en la vida diaria (r = .26); todos con p < .05. La versión breve en español del ISE mostró ser válida y confiable. Esta escala puede ser utilizada por investigadores y profesionales de la salud que estudian las consecuencias psicológicas de la obesidad.

Measuring the perception of quality physical education in Latin American professionals / Medindo a percepção de profissionais latino-americanos sobre a qualidade da educação física / Midiendo la percepción de profesionales latinoamericanos acerca de la Calidad de la Educación Física

Abstract An unsteady plan for curriculum development and supportive issues in physical education (PE) has created confusion among professionals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors perceived as important in the development of quality physical education (QPE) by professionals in Latin American (LA) countries. A questionnaire consisting of 24 items based on QPE was responded by 468 professionals collected from 6 LA cities. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 24 items using ML extraction and direct oblimin rotation were applied, and the retained 17 items were clustered in a three factor solution referred to as, Development and Supportive Elements for QPE in School (DSFQPE) (α = .935), Core Value of QPEtabl (CVPE) (α = .890), and Curriculum Arrangement of Physical Activities (CAPA) (α = .850). The retained items indicated excellent properties and the basic framework as perceived by professionals from PE in LA countries as important in the investigation of QPE.

Resumo Um plano instável para o desenvolvimento de currículos e questões de apoio na educação física (PE) criou confusão entre os profissionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar os fatores percebidos como importantes no desenvolvimento da educação física de qualidade (QPE) por profissionais de países da América Latina (AL). Um questionário composto por 24 itens com base no QPE foi respondido por 468 profissionais coletados em 6 cidades da América Latina. Uma análise fatorial exploratória dos 24 itens usando extração ML e rotação obliminar direta foram aplicados, e os 17 itens retidos foram agrupados em uma solução de três fatores denominada Elementos de Desenvolvimento e Suporte para QPE na Escola (DSFQPE) (α = 0,935), Valor essencial do QPE (CVPE) (α = 0,890) e Arranjo Curricular das Atividades Físicas (CAPA) (α = 0,850). Os itens retidos indicaram propriedades excelentes e o referencial básico percebido pelos profissionais de EF em países da América Latina como importante na investigação do PEQ.

Resumen Un plan inestable para el desarrollo curricular y aspectos de apoyo para la educación física (EF) han creado confusión entre los profesionales. El propósito de esta investigación es investigar los factores percibidos como importantes en el desarrollo de la educación física de calidad (EFC) por profesionales en países de América Latina (AL). Un cuestionario que consta de 24 ítems basados en EFC fue respondido por 468 profesionales recolectados en 6 ciudades de LA. Se aplicó un Análisis factorial exploratorio de los 24 ítems que utilizan extracción ML y rotación oblicua directa, y los 17 ítems retenidos se agruparon en una solución de tres factores denominada Elementos de desarrollo y de apoyo para EFC en la escuela (EDAEFC) (α = 0,935); Valor principal de EFC (CVPE) (α = 0,890) y Arreglo del plan de actividades físicas (CAPA) (α = 0,850). Los ítems retenidos indicaron excelentes propiedades y el marco básico es percibido por los profesionales de EF en los países de AL como importante en la investigación de EFC.

El clima organizacional y su relación con la satisfacción laboral desde la percepción del capital humano / Organizational climate and its relation with the Jobs satisfaction levels from human capital insight / O clima organizacional e sua relação com a satisfação laboral desde a percepção do capital humano

Resumen Introducción: En la actualidad resulta de relevancia analizar aspectos intangibles en la gestión del capital humano, con el fin de contribuir a generar conocimiento útil a los tomadores de decisiones para el diseño e implementación de políticas y prácticas más efectivas en la gestión de su personal. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las variables de clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral desde la percepción de los empleados en organizaciones públicas y privadas. Materiales y métodos: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y explicativo. Se aplicó cuestionario a personal de organizaciones que accedieron participar. Se conformó muestra a conveniencia de 133 encuestados, aplicando estadística descriptiva para su caracterización. Los factores determinantes del clima y satisfacción laboral se identificaron con análisis factorial exploratorio y en la valoración de la relación entre ambos constructos el análisis de regresión. Resultados: Se identificaron ocho factores que describen el clima organizacional y confirman la estructura subyacente del modelo de Litwin y Stringer. En la variable de satisfacción laboral se confirma la propuesta teórica de Warr, Cook y Wall. La confiabilidad del cuestionario es adecuada al obtener valor superior a 0.70 del Alpha de Cronbach. Conclusiones: Tres dimensiones del clima organizacional muestran relaciones positivas y significativas con la satisfacción laboral, aportando evidencia empírica desde otros contextos y unidades de análisis. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para administradores del capital humano, a efecto de que diseñen e implementen prácticas que contribuyan a mejorar el clima de trabajo por las incidencias positivas que aporta este a la satisfacción de los trabajadores.

Abstract Introduction: At present, it is relevant to analyze intangible aspects in the management of human capital, in order to contribute in generating useful knowledge to the decision makers for the design and implementation of policies and practices more effective in personnel management. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the variables of organizational climate and job satisfaction from the perception of employees in public and private organizations. Material and methods: Research with a quantitative, non-experimental, transversal and explanatory approach. Questionnaire was applied to personnel of organizations that agreed to participate. We sampled 133 respondents, applying descriptive statistics for their characterization. The determinants of climate and job satisfaction were identified with exploratory factor analysis and in the assessment of the relationship between both constructs the regression analysis. Results: We identified eight factors that describe the organizational climate and confirm the underlying structure of the Litwin and Stringer model. In the Labor Satisfaction variable, the theoretical proposal of Warr, Cook and Wall is confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire is adequate to obtain value superior to, 70 of the Alpha of Cronbach. Conclusions: Three dimensions of the organizational climate show positive and significant relationships with job satisfaction, providing empirical evidence from other contexts and units of analysis. These findings are relevant for human capital managers, in order to design and implement practices that contribute to improving the work climate due to the positive impacts it contributes to the satisfaction of workers.

Resumo Introdução: Atualmente, é relevante analisar os aspectos intangíveis na gestão do capital humano, com o fim de contribuir a gerar conhecimento útil aos tomadores de decisão para o desenho e a implementação de políticas e práticas mais efetivas na gestão de seu pessoal. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as variáveis do clima organizacional e a satisfação laboral desde a percepção dos funcionários nas organizações públicas e privadas. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa com enfoque quantitativo, não experimental, transversal e explicativo. Aplicou-se questionário ao pessoal das organizações que eles concordaram participar. Estabeleceu-se uma amostra à conveniência de 133 entrevistados, aplicando estatística descritiva para sua caracterização. Os fatores determinantes do clima e satisfação laboral identificaram-se com análise fatorial exploratória e na valoração da relação entre ambos os construtos no análise de regressão. Resultados: Identificaram-se oito fatores que descrevem o clima organizacional e confirmam a estrutura subjacente do modelo de Litwin e Stringer. Na variável de satisfação laboral confirma-se a proposta teórica de Warr, Cook e Wall. A confiabilidade do questionário é adequada ao obter um valor superior à 0,70 do Alpha de Cronbach. Conclusões: Três dimensões do clima organizacional mostram relações positivas e significativas com a satisfação laboral, aportando evidencia empírica desde outros contextos e unidades de análise. Estas descobertas são relevantes para os administradores do capital humano, para o efeito de que desenhem e implementem práticas que contribuam a melhorar o clima de trabalho pelas incidências positivas que aporta este à satisfação dos trabalhadores.

Análisis factorial exploratorio de una escala de gravedad de obstrucción bronquial evaluada en menores de tres años, Chile, 2015 / Exploratory factor analysis of a score for grading the severity of bronchial obstruction evaluated in children younger than 3 years old, Chile, 2015

Introducción. La escala de Tal modificada es utilizada en Chile para determinar la gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial. Existen informes de su validez; sin embargo, carece de antecedentes del análisis de su estructura como escala para cuantificar de forma significativa la gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial. Objetivo. Identificar el patrón de relación entre los ítems de la escala y la dimensión gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial en una muestra de menores de tres años que consultan en dos centros de salud de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. Método. Análisis factorial exploratorio. Selección no aleatoria y voluntaria de participantes, menores de 36 meses, agosto-noviembre de 2015. Evaluados de manera independiente por médico y kinesiólogo, en tiempo seguido. Se aplican medidas de tendencia central, análisis factorial exploratorio, por subgrupo de menores y mayores de 6 meses, y consistencia interna. Resultados. 204 mediciones a 102 menores. Con una varianza explicada de 39%, los ítems se dirigen a dos conceptos diferentes, un factor que agrupa frecuencia respiratoria, sibilancia y retracción, y otro que solo lo determina cianosis, con alfa de Cronbach de 0, 5. Al extraer cianosis del análisis, muestra matriz monofactorial con 38% de varianza total explicada y consistencia interna de 0, 62. Conclusiones. Por medio de sus ítems, la estructura de la escala no se ajusta adecuadamente para esta muestra. Cianosis se muestra como un ítem disociado en la estructura. Al ajustar el modelo a solo tres ítems, la estabilidad del alfa como medida de consistencia interna aumenta, pero a un valor cuestionable, lo que, sin duda, variará al ser aplicada en otra muestra.

Introduction. The modified Tal's score has been used in Chile to determine the severity of bronchial obstruction. Its validity has been reported already; however, its structure as a scale to significantly quantify the severity of bronchial obstruction has not been analyzed. Objective. To identify the relationship pattern among the score's items and the severity of bronchial obstruction in a sample of children younger than 3 years seen in two health care centers in the province of Concepción, Chile. Method. Exploratory factor analysis. Nonrandom, voluntary selection of participants youngerthan36months, August-November 2015. Participants were assessed independently and subsequently by a physician and a physical therapist. The following measurements were applied: central tendency, exploratory factor analysis, subgroups of participants younger and older than 6 months, and internal consistency. Results. A total of 204 measurements were done in 102 children. With a 39% explained variance, items incline towards to two different concepts: one factor groups respiratory rate, wheezing, and retractions, and the other determines only cyanosis, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.5. Once cyanosis is removed from the analysis, the original one-factor matrix sample shows a 38% total explained variance and a 0.62 internal consistency. Conclusions. Based on its items, the score's structure does not fit adequately to this sample. Cyanosis appears as a dissociated item within the structure. Once the model is adjusted to only 3 items, the stability of Chronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency increases but at an objectionable value, which will undoubtedly vary once it is applied to a different sample.

Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu en estudiantes universitarios de Tarapoto (Perú) / Psychometric analysis of García and Musitu's AF5 Self-Concept Scale on college students in Tarapoto (Perú)

El autoconcepto es uno de los factores que permite al ser humano gozar de salud y bienestar emocional durante su desarrollo evolutivo. Musitu, García y Gutiérrez (1991) mencionan que el autoconcepto es la percepción que tiene la persona de sí misma en base a la observación de sus capacidades y limitaciones y que le permite tener un sentido de la propia identidad. Quien posee un autoconcepto positivo, podrá ser capaz de aceptar retos, emprender desafíos, perder el temor, aventurarse y experimentar cosas nuevas. El estudio que se informa analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con una muestra de 861 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Tarapoto (Perú). La escala es de tipo Likert y está compuesta por 30 ítems distribuidos en cinco dimensiones: autoconcepto académico, autoconcepto social, autoconcepto emocional, autoconcepto familiar y autoconcepto físico. En primera instancia se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) con rotación Varimax en el que cinco factores explicaron el 51.98% de la variancia total. Posteriormente, se realizó con la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para el cual se realizaron cuatro re-especificaciones. La solución final obtuvo índices de ajuste adecuados (RMSEA = .05; p = .05; TL I = .90; CFI = .92, CMIN / DF = 3.521; GFI = .92 y AGFI = .90). Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que la solución final confirma la propuesta del autoconcepto como un constructo multidimensional de cinco factores. Sin embargo, el número de ítems difiere ligeramente. No se logró identificar una solución de segundo orden que evalúe el autoconcepto global. Los valores de confiabilidad para las escalas oscilaron entre .771 y .835. Los resultados obtenidos coinciden con los hallazgos de los autores originales por lo que se afirma que el AF5 es un instrumento válido y confiable para estudiantes universitarios peruanos.

Self-concept is one of the factors that allows humans to live healthy and with emotional well-being during their evolutionary development. Musitu, García, and Gutiérrez (1991) mention that self-concept is the perception that people have of themselves based on the observation of their capabilities and limitations, which allows them to have a sense of identity. People having a positive self-concept may be able to accept dares, undertake challenges, lose fear, venture out, and try new things. In this regard, the present study analyzes the psychometric properties of García and Musitu's AF5 Selfconcept Scale. We used a cross-sectional design and the study sample consisted of 861 students of both genders (467 female and 394 male) in a private university in Tarapoto (Perú); who filled out the AF5 scale consisting of 30 items divided into five dimensions: academic self-concept, social self-concept, emotional self-concept, family self-concept, and physical self-concept, which are answered through a Likert scale. Firstly, we calculated the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sampling adequacy index for total scale where we obtained .885 and Bartlett's index of sphericity was 9377.994 (df = 435, p = .001), these values allowed us to do the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation where five factors explained the 51.98% of the total variance. Later, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was executed through the technique of structural equations for which four re-specification were done, the final solution got indexes of adequate adjustments (RMSEA = .05, p = .05; TLI = .90,CFI = .92, CMIN / DF = 3.521; GFI = .92, and AGFI = .90). Among the main findings we found that the final solution confirms the proposal of self-concept as a multidimensional construct of five factors; however, the number of items differs slightly. It was not possible to identify a second order solution that may evaluate global self-concept. With respect to reliability, values for scales ranged from alpha equal to .771 and .835. The results obtained coincide with the findings of the original authors; therefore, we state that the AF5 is a valid and reliable instrument for Peruvian university students. The literature has shown that an adequate self-concept is important in the life of every university student (Chen, Chiu, & Wang, 2015; Jansen,Scherer, & Schroeders, 2015; Zho, Ou & Zhao, 2015). Taking into account that college entrance is usually the first major change in the life of a teenager, a phase where students tend to have certain academic conflicts, new living arrangements, academic pressure, new financial responsibilities, and stablishment of new relationships, both social and/or romantic, as a result of educational change; Therefore, if self-concept is not well defined, students will be more likely to show school desertion generated in the first years of higher education due to decompensated shock caused by the transition from high school routine life to an academic self-learning one. Chen, Chiu, and Wang (2015) found that self-concept has a positive and significant effect on a personal level and contributes to the development of the recognition of self-learning and meta-cognitive skills (to improve their academic performance). Jansen, Scherer, and Schroeders (2015) mention that self-concept is a better predictor of future on motivation to aspire to a career in science; and Zho, Ou, and Zhao (2015) emphasize that having a high self-concept, contributes to student performance, to make an effort todo homework or study, which allow to increase performance in college. Thus, in a university academic context, the literature reports that self-concept is an important factor for adequate adaptation to college life.